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მომხმარებლის Skylady1991 ცვლილებების გაუქმება (№3920052)
იარლიყი: გაუქმება
ხაზი 1:
{{ინფოდაფა დასახლება
ამჟამას ამ სტატიას აქტიურად არედაქტირებს Skylady1991, 26 ივლისი, 2020.
{{ინფოდაფა დასახლება
|სტატუსი =ქალაქი
|ქართული სახელი = ზაგრები
Line 89 ⟶ 88:
ქალაქის დიდი უმეტესობა (დაახლ. 90 %) [[კათოლიკები|კათოლიკეა]], აგრეთვე არსებობს მცირერიცხოვანი [[მართლმადიდებლობა|მართლმადიდებლური]] და [[მუსულმანები|მუსულმანური]] წარმომადგენლობებიც.
 
 
==Name==
[[File:Kaptol s katedralom 1686.jpg|thumb|right|Kaptol 1686.]]
[[File:Agram, Capital Palace, with Maria Statue, by Fernkorn, Croatia, Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002710734.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kaptol, Zagreb]] 1905.]]
The etymology of the name ''Zagreb'' is unclear. It was used for the united city only from 1852, but it had been in use as the name of the [[Zagreb bishopric|Zagreb Diocese]] since the 12th century, and was increasingly used for the city in the 17th century.<ref>''Zagrabia'' in [[Giovanni Giacomo de Rossi]]'s ''Mercurio Geografico'' (''Dalmatia Istria Bosnia Servia Croatia parte di Schiavonia [...]'', Rome, c. 1692; [http://www.swaen.com/item.php?id=13422 swaen.com]).</ref>
The name is first recorded in a charter by [[Archdiocese of Esztergom|Ostrogon archbishop]] [[Felician, Archbishop of Esztergom|Felician]], dated 1134, mentioned as ''Zagrabiensem episcopatum''.<ref>Cod. Dipl. II 42: ''rex diuina gratia inspirante ... Zagrabiensem constituit episcopatum videlicet ut quos error idolatrie a dei cultura extraneos fecerat, episcopalis cuira ad viam veritatis reduceret.''
Mladen ANČIĆ, [http://hrcak.srce.hr/164151 "Dva teksta iz sredine 14. stoljeća. Prilog poznavanju „društvenog znanja“ u Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu] ("Two works from the middle of the 14th century: Contribution to the understanding of "social knowledge" in the Croatian Kingdom") ''Starohrvatska prosvjeta'' III.40 (2013).</ref>
The older form of the name is ''Zagrab''. The modern Croatian form ''Zagreb'' is first recorded in a 1689 map by [[Nicolas Sanson]].
An even older form is reflected in Hungarian ''Zabrag'' (recorded from c. 1200 and in use until the 18th century).
For this, Hungarian linguist Gyula Décsy proposes the etymology of ''Chabrag'', a well-attested [[hypocorism]] of the name ''[[Cyprian]]''. The same form is reflected in a number of Hungarian toponyms, such as [[Csepreg]].<ref name="Desy1990">Décsy, Gyula in: Jean-Claude Boulanger (ed.) ''Actes du XVIe Congrès international des sciences onomastiques: Québec, Université Laval, 16–22 août 1987 : le nom propre au carrefour des études humaines et des sciences sociales'', Presses Université Laval (1990), {{ISBN|978-2-7637-7213-4}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MLChUpf_66EC&pg=PA202 p. 202].</ref>
 
The name might be derived from Proto-Slavic word [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grębъ|*''grębъ'']] which means hill, uplift. (However, note Serbo-Croatian ''brȇg'' < Proto-Slavic [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ|*''bergъ'']], which ''also'' means '(smaller) hill', and ''za brȇg'' 'to ''or'' toward the hill' for the seemingly [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesized]] variant in Hungarian, ''Zabrag'' – modified from assumed *''Zabreg'' because of Hungarian vowel harmony? –, mentioned above.) An Old Croatian reconstructed name [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/Zagrębъ|*''Zagrębъ'']] is manifested through the German name of the city Agram.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neke praslavenske riječi u hrvatskome – Hrčak – Srce|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/168641|accessdate=10 July 2017}}</ref>
 
The name ''Agram'' was used in German in the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Habsburg period]]; this name has been classified as "probably of Roman origin"<ref>Frank Moore Colby, Talcott Williams Dodd, ''The New International Encyclopaedia'', Volume 1, 1918, p. 239.</ref>
but according to Décsy (1990) it could be an [[Austrian German]] reanalysis of ''*Zugram''.
<ref name="Desy1990"/>
In [[Middle Latin]] and [[New Latin|Modern Latin]], Zagreb is known as ''Agranum'' (the name of an unrelated Arabian city in [[Strabo]]), ''Zagrabia'' or ''Mons Graecensis'' (also ''Mons Crecensis'', in reference to [[Gradec, Zagreb|''Grič'' (Gradec)]]).
 
In Croatian [[folk etymology]], the name of the city has been derived from either the verb ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/za|za]]-[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grobъ|grab-]]'', meaning "to scoop" or "to dig". One folk legend illustrating this derivation
ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century, during which [[Augustin Kažotić]] (c. 1260–1323) is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water.<ref>Nikola Štambak, ''Zagreb'' (2004), [https://books.google.ch/books?id=QM-ldXH50iAC&pg=PA77 p. 77].</ref>
In another legend,<ref>{{cite web|title='BILA JEDNOM MANDA BAJNA, GRABILA JE IZ BUNARA' Legenda o Manduševcu i nastanku imena Zagreb|url=http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/bila-jednom-manda-bajna-grabila-je-iz-bunara-legenda-o-mandusevcu-i-nastanku-imena-zagreb/10008|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LEGENDA O ZELENOM KURCU: Što se krije iza priče o Mandi i žednom junaku?|url=http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/legenda-o-imenu-zagreba-sto-se-krije-iza-price-o-mandi-i-zednom-junaku/102904|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Poznate i nepoznate legende o Zagrebu i okolici! - Narodni.NET|url=http://narodni.net/poznate-nepoznate-legende-zagrebu-okolici/|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Manduševac, fontana po kojoj je Zagreb dobio ime|url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/mandusevac-fontana-po-kojoj-je-zagreb-dobio-ime/|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zagreb nije oduvijek bio Zagreb. Znate li kako se zvao? – Večernji.hr|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zagreb-nije-oduvijek-bio-zagreb-znate-li-kako-se-zvao-601895|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref> a city governor is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from [[Ban Jelačić Square#History|Manduševac]] well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelačić Square), using the imperative: ''zagrabi, Mando!'' ("Scoop, Manda!").<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071224154308/http://kulturniturizam.croatia.hr/Home/Legende.aspx?idLanguage=2&idDocument=2547 "Legend about Zagreb".] Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref>
==History==
{{main|History of Zagreb|Timeline of Zagreb}}
[[File:Agram, Academy Palace, with St. George Monument, by Fernkorn, Croatia, Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002710733.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nikola Šubić Zrinski Square]] 1905.]]
[[File:The_Zagreb_Cathedral_renovated_according_to_designs_of_Hermann_Bolle_(end_of_19_century).jpg|thumb|left|[[Zagreb Cathedral]] end of 19th century]]
[[File:Jelacicev_trg_1933.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ban Jelačić Square]] 1933.]]
The oldest settlement located near today's Zagreb was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] town of [[Andautonia]], now [[Šćitarjevo]], which existed between the 1st and the 5th century AD.<ref name=andautonia>{{cite web
|url= http://www.andautonia.com/eng/english.html
|title= The Roman town of Andautonia
|accessdate= 8 November 2008
|work= Andautonia Archaeological Park
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207040340/http://www.andautonia.com/eng/english.html |archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref> The first recorded appearance of the name Zagreb is dated to 1094, at which time the city existed as two different city centres: the smaller, eastern [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]], inhabited mainly by [[clergy]] and housing [[Zagreb Cathedral]], and the larger, western [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]], inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. Gradec and Kaptol were united in 1851 by [[Josip Jelačić|ban Josip Jelačić]], who was credited for this, with the naming the main city square, [[Ban Jelačić Square]] in his honour.<ref name="Ban Josip Jelačić">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/10listopad/1016%20Jelacic.html |title=Ban Josip Jelačić |publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]] |work=hrt.hr |language=hr |accessdate=30 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010027/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/10listopad/1016%20Jelacic.html |archivedate=5 March 2016 }}</ref> During the period of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|former Yugoslavia]], Zagreb remained an important economic centre of the country, and was the second largest city. After [[Croatian independence referendum, 1991|Croatia declared independence]] from Yugoslavia, Zagreb was proclaimed its capital.<ref name="Sluzbeni List">{{cite web |url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1991_06_31_875.html |title=Deklaraciju o proglašenju suverene i samostalne Republike Hrvatske (Declaration on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Croatian Republic) |last=Sluzbeni List|work=narodne-novine.nn.hr|accessdate=27 May 2013}}</ref>
 
===Early Zagreb===
 
The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 A.D. when the [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|King Ladislaus]], returning from his campaign against [[Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Croatia]], founded a diocese. Alongside the bishop's [[Episcopal see|see]], the canonical settlement [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]] developed north of [[Zagreb Cathedral]], as did the fortified settlement [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]] on the neighbouring hill; the border between the two being the Medveščak stream.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkesworth|first=Celia|url=https://books.google.hr/books?id=eBSxMUKFJDEC&pg=PA18&dq=border+between+the+two+being+the+Medve%C5%A1%C4%8Dak+stream&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE8NOX_-DpAhWBxosKHRG3AkMQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=border%20between%20the%20two%20being%20the%20Medve%C5%A1%C4%8Dak%20stream&f=false|title=Zagreb: A Cultural and Literary History|date=2007|publisher=Signal Books|isbn=978-1-904955-30-6|language=en}}</ref> Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town ([[Gornji Grad – Medveščak|Gornji Grad]]) and is one of the best preserved urban nuclei in [[Croatia]]. Both settlements came under [[Tatars|Tatar]] attack in 1242.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oliver|first=Jeanne|url=https://books.google.hr/books?id=j2DTBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&dq=zagreb+1242+tatar+attack&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjzuffj_-DpAhXEyKQKHbsiCQMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=zagreb%201242%20tatar%20attack&f=false|title=Croatia Traveller's Zagreb and Beyond: A practical guide to visiting Zagreb, Croatia|date=2015-02-26|publisher=Croatia Traveller|isbn=978-1-311-66016-9|language=en}}</ref> As a sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the [[Tatars]] the Croatian and Hungarian [[Béla IV of Hungary|King Bela IV]] bestowed Gradec with a [[Golden Bull of 1242|Golden Bull]], which offered its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as its own [[judiciary|judicial system]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stone|first=Zofia|url=https://books.google.hr/books?id=aFw1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT92&dq=golden+bull+of+1242&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFipz8_-DpAhUD6aQKHVEECgMQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=golden%20bull%20of%201242&f=false|title=Genghis Khan: A Biography|date=2017-03-01|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-86367-11-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.hr/books?id=551sGYrx3pAC&pg=PA17&dq=zlatna+bula+1242&hl=hr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLneuSgOHpAhUSjqQKHTBMAgQQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=zlatna%20bula%201242&f=false|title=Zagreb: turistički vodič|date=1970|publisher=Masmedia d.o.o.|isbn=978-953-157-464-8|language=hr}}</ref>
 
===16th to 18th centuries===
There were numerous connections between the Kaptol diocese and the free sovereign town of Gradec for both economic and political reasons, but they weren't known as an integrated city, even as Zagreb became the political centre and, representing both Croatia, [[Slavonia]] and [[Dalmatia]], first convened at Gradec. Zagreb was chosen as the seat of the [[Ban of Croatia]] in 1621 under ban [[Nikola Frankopan]].
 
At the invitation of the [[Croatian Parliament]], the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] came to Zagreb and built the first [[grammar school]], the [[Catherine of Alexandria|St. Catherine's]] Church and monastery. In 1669, they founded an academy where philosophy, theology and law were taught, the forerunner of today's [[University of Zagreb]].
 
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Zagreb was badly devastated by fire and [[Bubonic plague|the plague]]. In 1776, the royal council (government) moved from [[Varaždin]] to Zagreb and during the reign of [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] Zagreb became the headquarters of the [[Varaždin]] and [[Karlovac]] general command.<ref name="HRT">{{cite web
|url=http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/hrvati_u_svijetu/upoznajte_hrvatsku/03_glavni_grad_hrvatske/zagreb_eng.html
|title=The city of Zagreb
|work=hrt.hr
|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]
|accessdate=2 July 2006
|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070117124718/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/hrvati_u_svijetu/upoznajte_hrvatsku/03_glavni_grad_hrvatske/zagreb_eng.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate= 17 January 2007}}</ref>
 
===19th to mid-20th century===
 
<!--''Political history is missing'' (March 2013)-->
In the 19th century, Zagreb was the centre of the [[Illyrian movement|Croatian National Revival]] and saw the erection of important cultural and historic institutions.
In 1850, the town was united under its first [[List of mayors of Zagreb|mayor]] – [[Janko Kamauf]].<ref name="HRT"/>
 
The first [[rail transport|railway]] line to connect Zagreb with [[Zidani Most]] and [[Sisak]] was opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received a [[gasworks]]. The Zagreb [[water supply|waterworks]] was opened in 1878.
 
After the [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]], up to the 1914 outbreak of [[World War I]], development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today.
The first horse-drawn [[tram]] was used in 1891. The construction of the [[rail transport|railway]] lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into [[Donji grad (Zagreb)|Donji Grad]], characterised by a regular block pattern that prevails in [[Central Europe]]an cities. This bustling core hosts many imposing buildings, monuments, and parks as well as a multitude of museums, theatres and cinemas. An [[power station|electric power plant]] was built in 1907.
{{multiple image
|align=center
|image2=Zagreb (29255640143).jpg
|width2=365
|caption2=Panoramic view of Zagreb
|image1= Zagreb_(29588612210).jpg
|width1=430
|caption1= Panoramic view of [[Gradec, Zagreb|Upper Town – Gradec]]}}
Since 1 January 1877, the [[Grič cannon]] is fired daily from the [[Lotrščak Tower]] on [[Grič, Zagreb|Grič]] to mark midday.
 
The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb. Before World War I, the city expanded and neighbourhoods like [[Stara Peščenica]] in the east and [[Črnomerec]] in the west were created. After the war, [[working class|working-class]] districts such as [[Trnje, Zagreb|Trnje]] emerged between the railway and the [[Sava]], whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of [[Medvednica]] was completed [[Interwar period|between the two World Wars]].
 
In the 1920s, the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent – the largest demographic boom in the history of the town. In 1926, the first [[radio broadcasting|radio station]] in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb, and in 1947 the [[Zagreb Fair]] was opened.<ref name="HRT"/>
 
During [[World War II]], Zagreb became the capital of the [[Independent State of Croatia]], which was backed by [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Fascism in Italy|Italians]]. The history of [[Zagreb in World War II]] became rife with incidents of regime terror and resistance sabotage, and the [[Ustaša]] regime had thousands of people executed during the war in and near the city. The city was taken by the [[Partisans (Yugoslavia)|Partisans]] at the end of the war. From 1945 until 1990, Zagreb was the capital of the [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], one of the six constituent socialist republics of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].
 
===Modern Zagreb===
[[File:Zagreb trg bana Jelačića.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|[[Ban Jelačić Square]]]]
[[File:19-06-16-Zagreb-DJI_0181.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|King Tomislav Square]]
The area between the railway and the [[Sava]] river witnessed a new construction boom after [[World War II]]. After the mid-1950s, construction of new residential areas south of the [[Sava]] river began, resulting in [[Novi Zagreb]] (Croatian for ''New Zagreb''), originally called "Južni Zagreb" (Southern Zagreb).<ref name=juzni_zagreb>{{cite journal |url=http://www.zarez.hr/222/z_socijalna.html |title=O imaginarnim kartama Južnog= Novog Zagreba |journal=Zarez |last=Maretić |first=Mirko |issue=№ 222 |date=10 January 2008 |accessdate=25 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515163924/http://www.zarez.hr/222/z_socijalna.html |archive-date=15 May 2009 |language=Croatian}}</ref>
Today Novi Zagreb is divided in two [[city districts]]: [[Novi Zagreb-zapad]] ([[Novi Zagreb-zapad|West
Novi Zagreb]]) and [[Novi Zagreb-istok]] ([[Novi Zagreb-istok|East Novi Zagreb]])
 
The city also expanded westward and eastward, incorporating [[Dubrava, Zagreb|Dubrava]], Podsused, [[Jarun]], [[Blato, Zagreb|Blato]] and other settlements.
The cargo railway hub and the [[international airport]] [[Zagreb Airport|Pleso]] were built south of the [[Sava]] river. The largest [[industrial district|industrial zone]] (Žitnjak) in the south-eastern part of the city represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city, between the [[Sava]] and the Prigorje region. Zagreb also hosted the [[1987 Summer Universiade|Summer Universiade]] in 1987.<ref name="HRT"/>
 
During the 1991–1995 [[Croatian War of Independence]], it was a scene of some [[Battle of the Barracks|sporadic fighting]] surrounding its [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]] [[barracks|army barracks]], but escaped major damage. In May 1995, it was targeted by Serb [[rocket artillery]] in two [[Zagreb rocket attacks|rocket attacks]] which killed seven civilians and wounded many.
An urbanised area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of [[Zaprešić]], [[Samobor]], [[Dugo Selo]] and [[Velika Gorica]]. Sesvete was the first and the closest area to become a part of the [[urban agglomeration|agglomeration]] and is already included in the City of Zagreb for administrative purposes and now forms the easternmost city district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/Census2001/Popis/E01_01_03/e01_01_03_zup22.html |title=SAS Output |publisher=Dzs.hr |accessdate=15 September 2011}}</ref>
 
In 2020 the city was hit by a [[2020 Zagreb earthquake|5.5 magnitude earthquake]]. Various buildings in the historic downtown area were damaged. The city's iconic cathedral lost the cross off of one of its towers. This earthquake was the strongest one to affect the city since the destructive [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]].
 
===Area and population development===
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+ '''Cells left-aligned, table centred'''
|-
! style="width:50px;"|Year
! style="width:80px;"|Area <br/>(km<sup>2</sup>)
! style="width:80px;"|Population <br/>(within city limits at that time)
! style="width:80px;"|Population <br/>(within today's city limits)
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1368
|style="text-align:left;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|2,810<ref group="nb" name="ex02">from the household census</ref>
|style="text-align:left;"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1742
|style="text-align:left;"|3.33
|style="text-align:left;"|5,600<ref group="nb" name="ex02"/>
|style="text-align:left;"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1805
|style="text-align:left;"|3.33
|style="text-align:left;"|7,706<ref group="nb">population census without clergy and nobility</ref>(~11 000 in total)
|style="text-align:left;"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1850
|style="text-align:left;"|25.4
|style="text-align:left;"|16,036
|style="text-align:left;"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1857
|style="text-align:left;"|25.4
|style="text-align:left;"|16,657
|style="text-align:left;"|48,266
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1869
|style="text-align:left;"|25.4
|style="text-align:left;"|19,857
|style="text-align:left;"|54,761
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1880
|style="text-align:left;"|25.4
|style="text-align:left;"|30,830
|style="text-align:left;"|67,188
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1890
|style="text-align:left;"|25.4
|style="text-align:left;"|40,268
|style="text-align:left;"|82,848
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1900
|style="text-align:left;"|64.37
|style="text-align:left;"|61,002
|style="text-align:left;"|111,565
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1910
|style="text-align:left;"|64.37
|style="text-align:left;"|79,038
|style="text-align:left;"|136,351
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1921
|style="text-align:left;"|64.37
|style="text-align:left;"|108,674
|style="text-align:left;"|167,765
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1931
|style="text-align:left;"|64.37
|style="text-align:left;"|185,581
|style="text-align:left;"|258,024
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1948
|style="text-align:left;"|74.99
|style="text-align:left;"|279,623
|style="text-align:left;"|356,529
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1953
|style="text-align:left;"|235.74
|style="text-align:left;"|350,829
|style="text-align:left;"|393,919
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1961
|style="text-align:left;"|495.60
|style="text-align:left;"|430,802
|style="text-align:left;"|478,076
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1971
|style="text-align:left;"|497.95
|style="text-align:left;"|602,205
|style="text-align:left;"|629,896
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1981
|style="text-align:left;"|1,261.54
|style="text-align:left;"|768,700
|style="text-align:left;"|723,065
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1991
|style="text-align:left;"|1,715.55
|style="text-align:left;"|933,914
|style="text-align:left;"|777,826
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|2001
|style="text-align:left;"|641.36
|style="text-align:left;"|779,145
|style="text-align:left;"|779,145
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|2011
|style="text-align:left;"|641.36
|style="text-align:left;"|792,875
|style="text-align:left;"|792,875
|-
|colspan=5 |<small>The data in column 3 refers to the population in the city borders as of the census in question. Column 4 is calculated for the territory now defined as the City of Zagreb ([[Narodne novine|Narodne Novine]] 97/10).</small><ref name=ljetopis2>{{cite journal|url=http://www.zagreb.hr/zgstat/documents/Ljetopis%202007/058-080.pdf |title=Statistički ljetopis Grada Zagreba 2007. – 2. Stanovništvo |journal=Statistički Ljetopis Zagreba |year=2007 |accessdate=12 November 2008 |issn=1330-3678 |language=Croatian, English |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028232442/http://www1.zagreb.hr/zgstat/documents/Ljetopis%202007/058-080.pdf |archivedate=28 October 2008}}</ref>
|}
 
===Cityscape===
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="180px">
File:St. Marks Sq Zagreb pano.jpg|[[St. Mark's Square, Zagreb|St. Mark's Square]]: [[Banski dvori]] ([[Croatian Government]] residence), [[St. Mark's Church, Zagreb|St. Mark's Church]], [[Croatian Parliament|Croatian Parliament (Sabor)]]
File:Panorama Save.JPG|[[Sava]] flowing through Zagreb.
</gallery>
The most important historical [[high-rise]] constructions are [[Neboder]] on [[Ban Jelačić Square]], [[Cibona Tower]] (1987) and [[Zagrepčanka]] (1976) on Savska Street, [[Mamutica]] in Travno ([[Novi Zagreb – istok]] district, built in 1974) and [[Zagreb TV Tower]] on [[Medvednica|Sljeme]] (built in 1973).<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://putujte.blogspot.com/2014/12/gdje-se-nalazi-najvazniji-neboder-u.html
|title= Zagreb hoteli – putovanje u Zagreb
|accessdate= 27 August 2015
|date= 19 December 2014
|work= Blogger
|language= Croatian
}}</ref>
 
In the 2000s, the City Assembly approved a new plan that allowed for the many recent high-rise buildings in Zagreb, such as the Almeria Tower, [[Eurotower (Zagreb)|Eurotower]], [[HOTO Tower]], [[Zagrebtower]] and one of the tallest skyscrapers [[Sky Office Tower]].<ref name=skyoffice>{{cite web
|url=http://www.skyoffice.hr/hrv/
|title=Sky Office – Zagreb
|accessdate=27 August 2015
|work=Sky Office
|language=Croatian
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817011757/https://www.skyoffice.hr/hrv/
|archivedate=17 August 2015
}}</ref><ref name=empoirs>{{cite web
|url= http://www.emporis.com/buildings/1199128/sky-office-tower-zagreb-croatia
|title= Sky Office Tower, Zagreb
|accessdate= 27 August 2015
|date=
|work= Empoirs
}}</ref>
 
In [[Novi Zagreb]], the neighbourhoods of [[Blato, Zagreb|Blato]] and [[Lanište, Croatia|Lanište]] expanded significantly, including the [[Arena Zagreb|Zagreb Arena]] and the adjoining business centre.<ref name="blato_lanište">{{cite web|url=http://www.novi-zagreb.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1174 |title=Blato i Lanište postaju najsuvremeniji dio Zagreba? |work=novi-zagreb.hr |date=28 March 2008 |accessdate=27 July 2008 |language=Croatian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721101337/http://www.novi-zagreb.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1174 |archivedate=21 July 2011}}</ref>
 
Due to a long-standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10-story or higher buildings, most of Zagreb's high-rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new [[apartment|apartment building]]s on the outskirts of the city are usually 4–8 floors tall. Exceptions to the restriction have been made in recent years, such as permitting the construction of high-rise buildings in Lanište or Kajzerica.<ref name=javno>{{cite web
|url=http://www.javno.com/hr/zagreb/clanak.php?id=55540
|title=Na Laništu gradnja iznad 9 katova
|accessdate=21 September 2009
|date=21 June 2007
|work=Javno.hr
|language=Croatian
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115193913/http://www.javno.com/hr/zagreb/clanak.php?id=55540
|archivedate=15 January 2009
}}</ref>
===Surroundings===
{{further|Zagreb County|Prigorje|Hrvatsko Zagorje|Turopolje}}
[[File:Oltar domovine Medvedgrad 2009.jpg|upright=0.9|thumb|right|Altar of the Homeland]]
[[File:Stari grad Medvedgrad - Zagreb 02.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|[[Medvedgrad]] fortress]]
The wider Zagreb area has been continuously inhabited since the prehistoric period, as witnessed by archaeological findings in the Veternica cave from the [[Paleolithic]] and excavation of the remains of the Roman Andautonia near the present village of Šćitarjevo.
 
Picturesque former villages on the slopes of Medvednica, Šestine, Gračani and Remete, maintain their rich [[tradition]]s, including folk costumes, Šestine umbrellas, and [[gingerbread]] products.
 
To the north is the [[Medvednica]] Mountain ({{lang-hr|Zagrebačka gora}}), with its highest peak [[Medvednica|Sljeme]] (1,035 m), where one of the tallest structures in Croatia, [[Zagreb TV Tower]] is located. The Sava and the [[Kupa (river)|Kupa]] valleys are to the south of Zagreb, and the region of [[Hrvatsko Zagorje]] is located on the other (northern) side of the Medvednica hill. In mid-January 2005, Sljeme held its first [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|World Ski Championship tournament]].
 
From the summit, weather permitting, the vista reaches as far as [[Velebit]] Range along Croatia's rocky northern coast, as well as the snow-capped peaks of the towering [[Julian Alps]] in neighbouring [[Slovenia]]. There are several lodging villages, offering accommodation and restaurants for hikers. Skiers visit Sljeme, which has four ski-runs, three ski-lifts and a chairlift.
 
The old [[Medvedgrad]], a recently restored medieval [[wikt:Special:Search/burg|burg]] was built in the 13th century on Medvednica hill. It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the ''Shrine of the Homeland'', a memorial with an [[eternal flame]], where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for [[homeland]] in its history, customarily on [[Public holiday|national holiday]]s. The ruined medieval fortress [[Susedgrad]] is located on far-western side of Medvednica hill. It has been abandoned since the early 17th century, but it is visited during the year.
 
Zagreb occasionally experiences earthquakes, due to the proximity of [[Žumberak]]-[[Medvednica]] fault zone.<ref>[http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/gngts/gngts/convegniprecedenti/2008/riassunti/1.1/11-toml.pdf SEISMOGENIC ZONES OF NORTHWESTERN CROATIA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206110700/http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/gngts/gngts/convegniprecedenti/2008/riassunti/1.1/11-toml.pdf |date=6 February 2016 }} GNGTS 2008</ref> It's classified as an area of high seismic activity.<ref name="embassy earthquake">{{cite web|url=http://zagreb.usembassy.gov/service/special-consular-services/emergency-and-medical-issues/earthquake.html|title=Earthquake – Zagreb, Croatia – Embassy of the United States|work=usembassy.gov|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206090402/http://zagreb.usembassy.gov/service/special-consular-services/emergency-and-medical-issues/earthquake.html|archivedate=6 February 2016}}</ref> The area around Medvednica was the epicentre of the [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]] (magnitude 6.3), and the area is known for occasional landslide threatening houses in the area.<ref name="landslide survey croatian">{{cite web|url=http://www.hgi-cgs.hr/zagreb_potresi.html|title=Potresi na zagrebačkom području|last=dpuljic|work=hgi-cgs.hr}}</ref> The proximity of strong seismic sources presents a real danger of strong earthquakes.<ref name="landslide survey croatian"/> Croatian Chief of [[Office of Emergency Management]] Pavle Kalinić stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year, most of them being imperceptible. However, in case of a strong earthquake, it's expected that 3,000 people would die and up to 15,000 would be wounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://net.hr/danas/hrvatska/stizu-upute-kako-se-ponasati-potresi-se-stalno-dogadaju-zagreb-ih-ima-400-godisnje/|title=STIŽU UPUTE KAKO SE PONAŠATI: "Potresi se stalno događaju. Zagreb ih ima 400 godišnje"|date=14 January 2016|work=net.hr}}</ref>
== Government and politics ==
{{See also|List of mayors of Zagreb|Zagreb Assembly}}
 
The [[mayor]] of Zagreb is [[Milan Bandić]] ([[Bandić Milan 365 - Labour and Solidarity Party|BM 365 –Labour and Solidarity Party]]). He was confirmed as mayor on 4 June 2017 ([[Zagreb local elections, 2017|Zagreb local elections 2017]], second round). Two deputy mayors (vice mayoresses) are Jelena Pavičić-Vukičević and Olivera Jurković-Majić.
 
The [[Zagreb Assembly]] is composed of 51 representatives. Last elections were held on 21 May 2017 ([[Zagreb local elections, 2017|Zagreb local elections]]). The structure of the city assembly by party lines is as follows (2 December 2017):<ref>{{cite web|title=zagreb.hr – Političke stranke u Gradskoj skupštini (The Political parties structure)|url=http://www.skupstina.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=605|accessdate=2 March 2017}}</ref>
 
{{Zagreb Assembly (structure)}}
 
=== Administration ===
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Gradsko poglavarstvo-Zagreb.JPG|Zagreb City Administration|thumb]]
[[File:Zagreb's city districts.png|[[Districts of Zagreb]]|thumb]]
 
According to the [[Constitution of Croatia|Constitution]], the city of Zagreb, as the capital of [[Croatia]], has a special status. As such, Zagreb performs [[Self-governance|self-governing]] public affairs of both [[List of cities and towns in Croatia|city]] and [[Counties of Croatia|county]]. It is also the seat of the [[Zagreb County]] which encircles Zagreb.
 
The city administration bodies are the '''[[Zagreb Assembly|Zagreb City Assembly]]''' (''Gradska skupština Grada Zagreba'') as the representative body and the '''[[list of mayors of Zagreb|mayor of Zagreb]]''' (''Gradonačelnik Grada Zagreba'') who is the executive head of the city.
 
The City Assembly is the representative body of the citizens of the City of Zagreb elected for a four-year term on the basis of [[universal suffrage]] in [[direct elections]] by [[secret ballot]] using [[proportional representation|proportional system]] with [[d'Hondt method]] in a manner specified by law. There are 51 representatives in the City Assembly, among them president and vice-presidents of the assembly are elected by the representatives.
 
Prior to 2009, the mayor was elected by the City Assembly. It was changed to direct elections by [[Majority vote|majoritarian vote]] ([[two-round system]]) in 2009. The mayor is the head of the city administration and has two deputies (directly elected together with him/her). The term of office of the mayor (and his/her deputies) is four years. The mayor (with the deputies) may be recalled by a referendum according to law (not less than 20% of all electors in the City of Zagreb or not less than two-thirds of the [[Zagreb Assembly]] city deputies have the right to initiate a [[recall referendum|city referendum]] regarding recalling of the mayor; when a majority of voters taking part in the referendum vote in favour of the recall, provided that majority includes not less than one third of all persons entitled to vote in the City of Zagreb, i.e. ⅓ of persons in the City of Zagreb [[electoral register]], the mayor's mandate shall be deemed revoked and [[special elections|special mayoral by-elections]] shall be held).
 
In the City of Zagreb the [[mayors of Zagreb|mayor]] is also responsible for the state administration (due to the special status of Zagreb as a "city with county rights", there isn't State Administration Office which in all counties performs tasks of the central government).
 
City administration offices, institutions and services (18 [[Municipal service|city offices]], 1 [[Municipal service|public institute]] or [[Municipal service|bureau]] and 2 [[Municipal services|city services]]) have been founded for performing activities within the self-administrative sphere and activities entrusted by the state administration.
The city administrative bodies are managed by the principals (appointed by the mayor for a four-year term of office, may be appointed again to the same duty). The City Assembly Professional Service is managed by the secretary of the City Assembly (appointed by the Assembly).
 
Local government is organised in 17 [[city district]]s (or [[borough|city borroughs]]) represented by City District Councils. Residents of districts elect members of councils.<ref>[http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1125 "zagreb.hr – Zagreb in brief (City administration)"]. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</ref>
 
===International relations===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia}}
 
====Twin towns – sister cities====
Zagreb is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following towns and cities:<ref name="Zagreb Twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html|title=Intercity and International Cooperation of the City of Zagreb|publisher= 2006–2009 City of Zagreb|accessdate=23 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gradovi prijatelji grada Zagreba|url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/gradovi-prijatelji/|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="narod.hr">{{cite web|title=Na Bundekfestu prvi put i gradovi prijatelji-Rim, Beč, Budimpešta i Ljubljana|url=https://narod.hr/zagreb-2/na-bundekfestu-prvi-put-gradovi-prijatelji-rim-bec-budimpesta-ljubljana|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref>
{{colbegin}}
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bologna]], [[Italy]] <small>''(since 1963)''</small>
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Mainz]], [[Germany]] <small>''(since 1967)''</small>
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]] <small>''(since 1968)''</small><ref name="saint_petersburg">{{cite web|url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |accessdate=23 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |archivedate=24 February 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Tromsø]], [[Norway]] <small>''(since 1971)''</small>
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] <small>''(since 1972)''</small>
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]] <small>''(since 1972)''</small><ref name="Kyoto twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/page/0000083407.html |title=Sister Cities of Kyoto City |accessdate=21 January 2014 |publisher=City of Kyoto |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121151906/http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/page/0000083407.html |archivedate=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] <small>''(since 1977)''</small><ref name="Lisbon twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100|title=Lisboa – Geminações de Cidades e Vilas|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities]|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning of Cities and Towns}}</ref><ref name="Lisbon twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa |accessdate=23 August 2013 |work=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archivedate=31 October 2013 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pittsburgh]], [[United States|USA]] <small>''(since 1980)''</small>
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Shanghai]], [[China]] <small>''(since 1980)''</small>
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] <small>''(since 1994)''<ref name="Budapest twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx |title=Budapest – Testvérvárosok |accessdate=14 August 2013 |work=Budapest Főváros Önkormányzatának hivatalos oldala [Official site of the Municipality of Budapest] |language=Hungarian |trans-title=Budapest – Twin Cities |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809185135/http://budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx |archivedate=9 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|BOL}} [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]] <small>''(since 2000)''</small>
* {{flagicon|BIH}} [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] <small>''(since 2001)''</small><ref name="Twin 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147 |title=Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site |publisher=City of Sarajevo 2001–2008 |accessdate=9 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201150030/http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147 |archivedate=1 December 2008 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|SVN}} [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]] <small>''(since 2001)''</small><ref name="Ljubljana twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.ljubljana.si/si/ljubljana/pobratena-mesta-zdruzenja/ |title=Medmestno in mednarodno sodelovanje |accessdate=27 July 2013 |work=Mestna občina Ljubljana (Ljubljana City) |language=Slovenian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626075304/http://www.ljubljana.si/si/ljubljana/pobratena-mesta-zdruzenja/ |archivedate=26 June 2013 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|MNE}} [[Podgorica]], [[Montenegro]] <small>''(since 2006)''</small>
* {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]] <small>'' (since 2006)''</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8507180542 |title=سفير كرواسي در تهران: "زاگرب" با تبريز خواهر خوانده مي‌شود |publisher=Farsnews.com |accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] <small>''(since 2008)''</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara#.V6zuCGVvfxs|title=Sister Cities of Ankara|work=ankara.bel.tr}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] <small>''(since 2009)''</small>
* {{flagicon|Kosovo}} [[Prizren]], [[Kosovo]]{{efn|name=kosovo-status}} <small>''(since 2010)''</small>
* {{flagicon|NMK}} [[Skopje]], [[North Macedonia]] <small>''(since 2011)''</small>
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] <small>''(since 2011)''</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/gradovi-prijatelji/|title=Gradovi prijatelji grada Zagreba|accessdate=25 August 2015|publisher=ZGportal Zagreb}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Nur-Sultan]], [[Kazakhstan]] <small>''(since 2014)''</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/5428|title=Declaration of intent signed by Akim of Astana and Mayor of Croatias capital|date=4 July 2014|accessdate=9 October 2014|publisher=Akimat of Astana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015024125/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/5428|archive-date=15 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Rome]], [[Italy]] <small>''(since 2014)''</small><ref name="narod.hr"/>
* {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] <small>''(since 2014)''</small><ref name="narod.hr"/>
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Petrinja]], [[Croatia]] <small>''(since 2015)''</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Zagreb i Petrinja postaju gradovi prijatelji|url=http://www.zagrebancija.com/zagreb-i-petrinja-postaju-gradovi-prijatelji/|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Vukovar]], [[Croatia]] <small>''(since 2016)''</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Vukovar i Zagreb gradovi prijatelji: Povelju o prijateljstvu potpisali Bandić i Penava|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/vukovar-i-zagreb-gradovi-prijatelji-povelju-o-prijateljstvu-potpisali-milan-bandic-i-ivan-penava-1074743|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref>
{{colend}}
 
====Partner cities====
 
The city has partnership arrangements with:
{|class="wikitable"'
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Kraków]] in [[Poland]] <small>''(since 1975)''<ref name="Kraków">{{cite web|url=http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16|title=Kraków otwarty na świat|publisher=krakow.pl|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|ALB}} [[Tirana]], [[Albania]].<ref name="International relations ">{{cite web|url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=23 June 2009 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=tirana.gov.al |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010042121/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |archivedate=10 October 2011}}</ref><ref>Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 25 January 2008.</ref>
|}
 
=== Administration ===
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Gradsko poglavarstvo-Zagreb.JPG|Zagreb City Administration|thumb]]
[[File:Zagreb's city districts.png|[[Districts of Zagreb]]|thumb]]
 
According to the [[Constitution of Croatia|Constitution]], the city of Zagreb, as the capital of [[Croatia]], has a special status. As such, Zagreb performs [[Self-governance|self-governing]] public affairs of both [[List of cities and towns in Croatia|city]] and [[Counties of Croatia|county]]. It is also the seat of the [[Zagreb County]] which encircles Zagreb.
 
The city administration bodies are the '''[[Zagreb Assembly|Zagreb City Assembly]]''' (''Gradska skupština Grada Zagreba'') as the representative body and the '''[[list of mayors of Zagreb|mayor of Zagreb]]''' (''Gradonačelnik Grada Zagreba'') who is the executive head of the city.
 
The City Assembly is the representative body of the citizens of the City of Zagreb elected for a four-year term on the basis of [[universal suffrage]] in [[direct elections]] by [[secret ballot]] using [[proportional representation|proportional system]] with [[d'Hondt method]] in a manner specified by law. There are 51 representatives in the City Assembly, among them president and vice-presidents of the assembly are elected by the representatives.
 
Prior to 2009, the mayor was elected by the City Assembly. It was changed to direct elections by [[Majority vote|majoritarian vote]] ([[two-round system]]) in 2009. The mayor is the head of the city administration and has two deputies (directly elected together with him/her). The term of office of the mayor (and his/her deputies) is four years. The mayor (with the deputies) may be recalled by a referendum according to law (not less than 20% of all electors in the City of Zagreb or not less than two-thirds of the [[Zagreb Assembly]] city deputies have the right to initiate a [[recall referendum|city referendum]] regarding recalling of the mayor; when a majority of voters taking part in the referendum vote in favour of the recall, provided that majority includes not less than one third of all persons entitled to vote in the City of Zagreb, i.e. ⅓ of persons in the City of Zagreb [[electoral register]], the mayor's mandate shall be deemed revoked and [[special elections|special mayoral by-elections]] shall be held).
 
In the City of Zagreb the [[mayors of Zagreb|mayor]] is also responsible for the state administration (due to the special status of Zagreb as a "city with county rights", there isn't State Administration Office which in all counties performs tasks of the central government).
 
City administration offices, institutions and services (18 [[Municipal service|city offices]], 1 [[Municipal service|public institute]] or [[Municipal service|bureau]] and 2 [[Municipal services|city services]]) have been founded for performing activities within the self-administrative sphere and activities entrusted by the state administration.
The city administrative bodies are managed by the principals (appointed by the mayor for a four-year term of office, may be appointed again to the same duty). The City Assembly Professional Service is managed by the secretary of the City Assembly (appointed by the Assembly).
 
Local government is organised in 17 [[city district]]s (or [[borough|city borroughs]]) represented by City District Councils. Residents of districts elect members of councils.<ref>[http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1125 "zagreb.hr – Zagreb in brief (City administration)"]. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</ref>
 
== ლიტერატურა ==
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