ამპლიტუდა: განსხვავება გადახედვებს შორის

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ახალი გვერდი: {{ითარგმნება}} '''Amplitude''' is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable, with each oscillation,...
 
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==Concepts==
 
[[სურათი:Sine voltage.svg|thumb|[[სინუსოიდა]]ლური წირი <br />1 = (პიკური) ამპლიტუდა (<math>\scriptstyle\hat U</math>),<br />2 = პიკებს (მაქსიმუმებს) შორის ამპლიტუდა (<math>\scriptstyle2\hat U</math>),<br />3 = [[საშუალო კვადრატული]] ამპლიტუდა (<math>\scriptstyle\hat U/\sqrt{2}</math>),<br />4 = [[პერიოდი_(ფიზიკა)|პერიოდი]]]]
 
===Peak-to-peak amplitude===
Peak-to-peak amplitude is the measure of the change between peak (highest amplitude value) and trough (lowest amplitude value, which can be negative). Peak-to-peak amplitudes can be measured by [[measuring instrument|meter]]s with appropriate circuitry, or by viewing the waveform on an [[oscilloscope]]. Peak-to-peak is a straightforward measurement to make on an oscilloscope, the peaks of the waveform being easily identified and measured against the [[Oscilloscope#Graticule|graticule]]. It remains a common way of specifying amplitude but sometimes other measures of amplitude are more appropriate.
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For complex waveforms, especially non-repeating signals like noise, the RMS amplitude is usually used because it is unambiguous and because it has physical significance. For example, the average [[power (physics)|power]] transmitted by an acoustic or [[electromagnetic wave]] or by an electrical signal is proportional to the square of the RMS amplitude (and not, in general, to the square of the peak amplitude).<ref>Ward, ''Electrical Engineering Science'', pp141-142, McGraw-Hill, 1971.</ref>
 
 
[[File:Sine voltage.svg|thumb|A [[Sine wave|sinusoidal]] curve<br />1 = Peak amplitude (<math>\scriptstyle\hat U</math>),<br />2 = [[Peak-to-peak]] amplitude (<math>\scriptstyle2\hat U</math>),<br />3 = [[Root mean square|RMS]] amplitude (<math>\scriptstyle\hat U/\sqrt{2}</math>),<br />4 = [[Wave period]] (not an amplitude)]]
 
When dealing with [[alternating current]] [[electric power|electrical power]] it is universal to specify RMS values of a sinusoidal waveform. The peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave is nearly 3 times the RMS value, but is a rarely used measure in this field. Some common [[voltmeter|meter types]] used in electrical engineering are calibrated for RMS amplitude, but actually operate on a DC input. Digital voltmeters and moving coil meters are both in this category. Such meters require the AC input to be first [[rectifier|rectified]] and are really reading proportional to either rectified average or peak amplitude. They are not true RMS meters and the RMS calibration is only correct for a sine wave input since the ratio between peak, average and rms values is dependant on [[waveform]]. True RMS meters do exist but until recently have been considered more specialised equipment; the advent of [[microprocessor]] controlled meters has made them more common.
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Pulse amplitude also applies to the amplitude of [[frequency]]- and [[phase (waves)|phase]]-modulated [[waveform]] envelopes.<ref>{{FS1037C}}</ref>
 
==ფორმალური წარმოდგენა==
==Formal representation==
In this simple [[wave equation]]
:<math>
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